▶️Video NFTs

The canonical association to a piece of video content.

Preamble

This article will later be incorporated into the document at a later time.

Introduction

A passionate follower of some creator or topic may find significant value in being able to associated themselves with related creative content. They key is that the association is very public and visible, and thereby allows the owner to signal to their community and related audiences something about who they are, the resources they have - financial, social and human, in the latter for example by having discerning taste or judgement. This behavior is already very prevalent in lots of social arenas in the off-line world, in particular among collectors. People collect stamps, coins, art, cars, sneakers, etc., and motivations span:

1. inherent enjoyment in collecting anything durable, sort of like a hobby, where you also get to curate a collection

2. a tasteful way to demonstrate you have access to resources like time, money and information

3. showing you have good judgement and taste

4. owning a piece of history in some way

5. making a good investment

Video NFTs play into all of these objectives, and arguably substantially amplify your ability to achieve those goals through the following

• More public: you and your assets are visible for everyone to see, and is a highly entertaining and viral medium, e.g. unlike a painting hanging on a wall in your house.

• More financial: anyone can bid on and buy your assets 24/7/365, giving you increased liquidity and greater price discovery. This makes it particularly valuable to be early, with good judgement, before something goes viral or gains attention, and perhaps even makes it valuable to be able to market something and make it valuable.

Hence the name of the game here is really to empower the owner to be visible as the owner, to support all these goals, and to make it easy to transact in this ownership. For the creator the value is in monetising the exclusive ownership status over their content.

Critically, owning a video, in the sense described herein, is not a claim on the intellectual property, revenue or any other rivalrous property of using the actual content itself.

Concepts

NFT Owner

An NFT Owner refers to one among two distinct varieties of possible owners of a given NFT, and they are

• ChannelOwner: This means that whomever owns the channel in which the video to whicht he NFT corresponds, is also the owner of the NFT.

• Member: This means that a given specified member owns the video.

Notice that curator groups, curators or the content directory lead cannot directly own an NFT, only by owning the channel. This also implies that, as will be seen further down, neither of these actors can participate as possible beneficiaries of an NFT, for example as bidders, buyer or offer recipients.

Auction Type

An Auction Type refers to one among the two distinct varieties of auctions which can be used to reallocate ownership of an NFT, hence it is either

• English: An English Auction is an auction where the highest bid, above some possibly set reservation price, is maintained and updated over time until some block in the future, called the finalization block. Lastly there is an associated notion of an extension period, which is a period before the finalization bloc, where submitting any bid below the possible buy now price will result in pushing the finalization block forward by the extension period. This is to avoid sniping.

• Open: An Open Auction is an auction which operates the same way as an English auction, except that there is no predefined duration, hence no finalization block. For this reason there is a bid locking duration, which is the number of blocks which must pass from the time a bid is submitted until the bidder can withdraw the bid if it is not accepted by the current owner.

In both kinds of auctions, there is the concept of a buy now price, which if set, means that if any bid matches this amount at any time, the auction is automatically concluded in favor of this bid.

Bid

A bid represents a binding financial commitment from a member to aquire ownership of an NFT from the current owner at a given price in an auction, and it is defined by

• Bidder: The identifier of the member who is making the bid.

• Account: The identifier for the account which holds the committed funds, which will be encumbered by a reservation for as long as the bid exists.

• Amount: The balance of funds committed in the bid.

• MadeAtBlock: The block number in which the bid was created.

Notice that only members can be bidders, no other kind of actor.

Auction

An auction represents the structured process through which the current owner can transfer ownership of an NFT through an open non-intermediated bidding process, and it is defined by the following

• Reservation Price: The minimum balance required for amount of any bid to be valid.

• Type: The representing what type of auction this is.

• Minimal Bid Step: The minimum difference in amount between two consecutive bids in order for the new bid to be valid.

• Last Bid: If present, is the last which was successfully submitted.

• Starts At: The block after which point it becomes possible to submit bids in the auction.

• Whitelist: The set, which if non-empty, contains the set of members who are permitted to submit bids in the auction.

Content Actor

A Content Actor represents a potential owner of an NFT, either through direct ownership or control over a channel.

• Curator: A given curator in a given curator group. The curator is a valid controller of any channel owned by a curator group in which it is a member.

• Member: A given member.

• Lead: The lead of content directory working group. The lead is a valid controller of any channel owned by a curator group.

NB: This is top level content directory concept, so this will def. need to be moved out of the NFT specific section.

Transactional Status

The transactional status of an NFT represents the state of current opportunities to change the ownership, and it has the following distinct varieties

• Idle: There is no currently available opportunity, and the only relevant action is to transition to one of the other three other statuses.

• Offered: The current owner has extended an offer for a specific other member, called the beneficiary to acquire ownership of the NFT, possibly for some require payment. In this status, the beneficiary can at any time accept the offer, which results in title transfer, or the current owner can withdraw the offer, which results in returning to the idle status.

• Auction: There is a currently active auction of some kind, as represented by an . The owner can cancel the auction at any time so long as there is no bid currently present in the auction. Anyone, possible screened by the whitelist, is free to submit a bid, which will only be successfully registered if is the amount is no less than the minimum bid step above any prior existing bid, or if it is the first bid, is no less than the reservation price. Beyond this, things work a bit differently depend on on the AuctionType

  • Open: Once a bid is submitted, it can also be withdrawn at any time by the bidder, so long as the locking duration has passed since the time of submission of this bid. The winner is selected by being chosen by the owner as the winning bid through.

  • English: A bid cannot be withdrawn, and any bid which still is active when the finalization block has passed, is considered the winner. Any bid submitted within the extension period of the current finalization block results in the finalization block being pushed forward by the extension period. In order to trigger the actual competiton of the auction, causing the ownership transfer and payments, an active call must be made after the finalization block has passed.

• Buy Now: Anyone can instantly become the owner by paying a given amount. The owner can change the status back to idle at any time.

The stages and transitions are summarized in the image below.

NFT

An NFT represents ownership title over video, and it is defined by the following information

• Owner: The representing the current owner.

• Status: The representing the state of the NFT currently.

• Royalty: If set, it specifies the fraction of the paid value of later transactions which must accrue to the issuer.

Minting Limits

Minting limits on NFTs are applied to avoid massive proliferation of low quality NFT projects.

There are several types of limits, depending on the time window considered and context:

Global Limits

• Global weekly limit: max number of NFT that can be minted each week, stored on chain

• Global daily limit: max number of NFT that can be minted each day, stored on chain

The above values are updated via a UpdateGlobalNftLimit proposal.

Channel Limits

• Channel weekly limit: max number of NFT that can be minted each week by a particular channel, they are set at channel creation with a value of DefaultWeeklyChannelLimit

• Channel daily limit: max number of NFT that can be minted each day by a particular channel, they are set at channel creation with a value of DefaultDailyChannelLimit

Their value can be modified on a per-channel basis by the Lead or a Curator having sufficient permission level.

Toggling the limit functionality

The whole limiting functionality can be disabled. The status of the NFT limit functionality can be inspected by looking at the Content.nft_limit_enabled value on chain

Parameters

The following mutable parameters.

Name	Type	Description
MinRoundTime	BlockNumber	Min auction round time.
MaxRoundTime	BlockNumber	Max auction round time.
MinBidLockDuration	BlockNumber	Min bid lock duration.
MaxBidLockDuration	BlockNumber	Max bid lock duration.
MinStartingPrice	Balance	Min auction staring price.
MinCreatorRoyalty	Perbill	Min creator royalty percentage.
MaxCreatorRoyalty	Perbill	Max creator royalty percentage.
MinBidStep	Balance	Min auction bid step.
MaxBidStep	Balance	Max auction bid step.
AuctionFeePercentag	Perbill	Auction platform fee percentage.
AuctionStartsAtMaxDelta	BlockNumber	Max delta between current block and starts at.
DefaultWeeklyChannelLimit	u64	Max amount of NFT that a newly created channel can mint in a week
DefaultDailyChannelLimit	u64	Max amount of NFT that a newly created channel can mint in a day

Constants

The following constants are hard coded into the system, they can only be updated with a runtime upgrade.

Name	Description	Value
INVITE_LOCK_ID	The identifier value for the lock applied to root account of a new member	fill-in
xxx		fill-in

Extrinsics

Issue NFT

Parameters

actor	The ContentActor attempting to issue the NFT.
video_id	Video on which NFT is to be issued.
royalty	If present, the royalty for all future auctions
metadata	The raw metadata for the issuance.
to	If present, the member who should be set as the initial owner.

Conditions

• WIP.

Effect

• WIP.

Offer NFT

Parameters

Name	Description
video_id	The video corresponding to the NFT for which offer is to be made.
owner_id	ContentActor identifying caller.
to	The beneficiary member of the offer.
price	If present, the amount which must be paid by beneficiary to accept offer.

Conditions

• WIP.

Effect

• WIP.

Accept Offer

Parameters

Name	Description
video_id	The video corresponding to the NFT for which offer is to be made.
recipient_id	Identifier of beneficiary.

Conditions

• WIP.

Effect

• WIP.

Sell NFT

Parameters

Name	Description
video_id	The video corresponding to the NFT for which offer is to be made.
owner_id	ContentActor identifying the caller.
price	Price of buying the NFT.

Conditions

• WIP.

Effect

• WIP.

Buy NFT

Parameters

Name	Description
video_id	The video corresponding to the NFT for which offer is to be made.
participant_id	Member attempting to buy the NFT.
metadata	User provided metadata associated with the purchase and ownership.

Conditions

• WIP.

Effect

• WIP.

Start NFT Auction

Parameters

Name	Description
owner_id	ContentActor who owns the NFT.
video_id	Video identifier for video to which NFT corresponds.
auction_type	AuctionType designating what kind of auction should be used.
reservation_price	Balance that sets lower bound for first valid bid amount.
minimal_bid_step	Balance that sets lower bound for how much each new bid must exceed last valid bid amount, if it exists.
buy_now_price	If provided, the Balance at which one would instantly be able to buy the NFT.
starts_at	If provided, the BlockNumber at which it becomes possible to bid in the auction or buy now.
whitelist	Set of membership identifiers which, at leats one is provided, restricts bidders or buyers to be among these.

Conditions

• WIP.

Effect

• WIP.

Make Bid

Parameters

Name	Description
participant_id	Member attempting to buy the NFT.
video_id	The video corresponding to the NFT for which offer is to be made.
bid_amount	The amount of the bid.
metadata	User metadata in the bid.

Conditions

• WIP.

Effect

• WIP.

Cancel Open Auction Bid

Parameters

Name	Description
participant_id	Member attempting to buy the NFT.
video_id	The video corresponding to the NFT for which offer is to be made.

Conditions

• WIP.

Effect

• WIP.

Claim Won English Auction

Parameters

Name	Description
member_id	To be root account of membership.
video_id	The video corresponding to the NFT for which offer is to be made.
metadata	User provided metadata associated with the purchase and ownership.

Conditions

• WIP.

Effect

• WIP.

Cancel Transaction

Parameters

Name	Description
owner_id	ContentActor who owns the NFT.
video_id	The video corresponding to the NFT for which offer is to be made.
metadata	User provided metadata associated with the purchase and ownership.

Conditions

• WIP.

Effect

• WIP.

Pick Open Auction Winner

Parameters

Name	Description
owner_id	ContentActor who owns the NFT.
video_id	The video corresponding to the NFT for which offer is to be made.
metadata	User provided metadata associated with the purchase and ownership.

Conditions

• WIP.

Effect

• WIP

Sling Back

Description

Returns ownership of idle status NFT from owner to channel itself, even if the channel is owned by the same member who possibly is the owner.

Parameters

Name	Description
video_id	The video corresponding to the NFT for which sling back is to be done.
owner_id	ContentActor who owns the NFT.

Conditions

• WIP.

Effect

• WIP.

Update Channel NFT Limit

Parameters

Name	Description
actor	ContentActor either Lead or Curator with sufficient permission.
nft_limit_period	Type of period for the limit: either Weekly or Daily.
channel_id	Channel which limit we want to set.
limit	Value for the new limit to be set.

Conditions

• WIP.

Effect

• WIP